Magnetic Levitation System is one of practical examples which faces some nonlinearities behavior. Such systems require special types of controller parameters consideration for accurate results. In this paper, the process of tuning is to determine the system poles and getting them away from the instability region using state feedback (SF) controller methodology. The resulted controllable system parameters are estimated using LQR controller. Since the desired goal is to minimize vital parameters in the system behavior like the steady state error, settling time, raising time of the system and

Modularity concepts attracted the attention of many researchers as it plays an important role in product design problems. Modularity requires dividing a product into a set of modules that are independent between each other and dependent within. The product is represented using Design Structure Matrix (DSM). DSM works as a system representation tool; it visualizes the interrelationship between product elements. In this research, a comparison is conducted between four optimization algorithms: Emperor Penguins Colony (EPC), First Modified Emperor Penguins Colony (MEPC1), Second Modified Emperor

This paper presents a case for adopting agent-based modeling (ABM) as a framework for representing the complex interactions that occur within the context of urban infrastructure management. A generic ABM is proposed with four key agents namely; assets, users, operators and politicians. For each agent a set of generic attributes, actions and behaviors are defined. A detailed behavioral model is adapted from the service quality domain to represent customer perceptions and actions related to infrastructure level of service. An illustrative example of 20 assets and 50 user agents is simulated to

Organic solar cells have many advantages such as their ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and low cost compared to perovskite and silicon solar cells. However, increasing their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still challenging. In this paper, response surface methodology of design of experiments (DOE) is used to optimize the PCE of a tandem organic solar cell. The cell is based on boron sub-phthalocyanine to reduce the series resistance between the layers. The optimization process is performed by formulating an empirical polynomial regression model relating the PCE to the active layers'

This paper illustrates the design of proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID) controller of 10 KW air heaters for achieving the set point temperature as fast as possible with minimum response overshoot. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) numerical simulations are utilized to predict the natural response of 10 KW input power for the air heater. CFD results are validated with experimental empirical correlations that insure the reliability of open loop results. The open loop response of CFD transient simulations is used to model the air heater transfer function and design the classical

This research studies the vibration analysis of Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams utilizing the differential quadrature method (DQM) which has wide applications in the field of basic vibration of different components, for example, pillars, plates, round and hollow shells, and tanks. The free vibration of uniform and nonuniform beams laying on elastic Pasternak foundation will be studied under three sets of boundary conditions, that is, mixing between being simply upheld and fixed while utilizing the DQM. The natural frequencies and deflection values were produced through the examination of

A new approach is proposed to accelerate the convergence of the Lattice Boltzmann method for steady-state problems. The proposed approach uses an adaptive relaxation frequency to accelerate the convergence by assigning more weight to selected parts of the standard algorithm corresponding to different phases of the convergence to the steady-state solution. The proposed algorithm is simple, straightforward and does not impose any additional computational cost to the standard algorithm. Different simulation cases are presented with the corresponding speedup. Finally, guidelines for the selection

Recently, the construction of water structures and seepage reduction are critical issues. This importance was induced due to the required specifications for the desired type of concrete. Mechanical strength and permeability are the two major parameters in achieving the design mix efficiently. This study investigates the effect of different types of admixures on the performance of concrete. The performance of concrete was evaluated using the mechanical strength and permeability tests. The concrete mixes admixtures include A retarder (Sika R2004 type G), water proofing material (addicrete DM2)

Soil contamination with petroleum products and/or waste are a problem that can be detected nearby industrial areas and other amenities that include underground leaking tanks or pipelines. The negative effect of oil contamination on the soil properties is significant and can completely alter the strength as well as the serviceability limit states of the bearing stratum. In this study, Diesel was mixed with cohesionless soils using four different mixing percentages, starting with 5% up to 13.5% by weight, to cover a wide range of contamination ratios. The effects of contamination on the soil

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) has long been used to reduce stresses acting on buried structures. In this study, the efficiency of utilising EPS in reducing vertical stresses acting on cut-and-cover tunnels was investigated. To gauge this, short- and long-term shear strength parameters of EPS with densities of 25, 30, and 35 kg/m3 were determined. Interface friction of EPS with various materials was measured considering the use of geotextile as a protective cover for EPS. Laboratory testing included unconfined compression, creep strain based on time-temperature-stress superposition, and modified