The globalization and rapid industrialization of any country is a function of availability of electricity in desired quality and quantity. Nigeria and Egypt are the most populated countries in West and North Africa respectively with incredible energy resources both renewable and non-renewable. Yet, the former is highly energy deficient when compared to the later. In recent time, the appropriate authorities have tried earnestly to reform the sector with the intent to improve the unpalatable situation through the liberalization of the vertically integrated structure of the power industries. In

Modularity concepts play an important role in the process of developing new complex products. Modularization involves dividing a product into a set of modules - each of which consisting of a set of components - that are interdependent in the same cluster and independent between clusters. During this process, a product can be represented using a Design Structure Matrix (DSM). A DSM acts as a tool for system analysis to provide clear visualization of product elements. In addition, DSM, shows the interactions between these product elements. This paper aims to propose an efficient optimization

Although there is a massive number of food tech enabled startups all over the world only few of them can succeed globally, determining the main factors which affect success or failure are still a challenge. In this paper, industrial engineering fundamentals are used to develop the startup structure and workplace design in two main areas; layout design to improve the work environment as well as flow of workers and flow of materials, supply chain management to design push-pull hybrid system and demand forecasting using non-stationary exponential smoothing method. © 2021 IEEE.

This article presents the parametric analysis of the optical microring resonator. It includes the numerically simulated analysis. The mathematical formulation represents the several relations that could influence the performance of optical microring resonator. The simulations give the graphical representations of ring resonator performances by the alteration of various parameters. In this paper, we have analyzed the variations in quality factor, extinction ratio and the resonance peak of an optical microring resonator with changes in effective refractive index, length of the ring and the group

In this paper, a new scheme for the realization of an optical logic circuit using Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZM) with direct detection has been proposed. Amplitude and phase information of the optical signals have been used for the differentiation of optical signals into four different states that can be represented using two binary inputs, while direct detection has been used for the effective mapping of these states with their respective binary outputs. The realization of seven logic gates, two reversible optical logic gates (Feynman and double Feynman gates) and half adder and half

Plasmonic photovoltaics (PVs) are promising structures that improve thin-film photovoltaics performance, where optical absorption is improved via embedding metallic nanoparticles in the PV's active layer to trap the incident optical wave into the photovoltaic cell. The presented work investigates the design of PV with both structures of conical and cylindrical metallic nanoparticles through studying their extinction cross-sections and electric field distributions. Also, the impact of these nanoparticles in silicon PVs on the optical absorption enhancement is investigated. The figure of merit

Waveguide photodetectors are considered as a promising candidate for high speed photodetection where the tradeoff between the transit time bandwidth and the quantum efficiency is overcome as the incident optical signal and the photogenerated carriers move in perpendicular directions. In WG-Avalanche Photodetectors (WG-APDs), the avalanche multiplication gain enhances the photocurrent of the photodiodes. In these photodiodes, the inaccuracies in the ionizations coefficients of the photogenerated electrons and holes and in the dimensions of the multiplication layer affect the multiplication gain

In this paper, we exploit tools from stochastic geometry to characterize the average probability of successful content delivery in a cache-enabled device-to-device (D2D) network under Nakagami- m fading. Specifically, we focus on the impact of temporal interference correlation due to erroneous packets retransmissions. The aggregate network interference is characterized under a slotted Aloha scheme in a homogeneous Poisson field of static interferers. In addition, the effect of different system parameters, such as the content popularity, intensity of devices, and D2D communication range, on the

In this paper, novel gear-shaped nanoparticles are introduced for the first time to enhance the photovoltaic (PV) efficiency. This has been achieved via increasing the overall power absorption by the PV semiconductor material in both visible and near-infrared ranges. The modes of the new gear-shaped nanoparticles are investigated. A parametric study has been performed which demonstrates how the design parameters of the proposed nanoparticles can be engineered for best overall power absorption within a Si surrounding medium. A figure of merit (FoM) is defined that takes into account all

The system of equations of the generalized piezothermoelasticity in anisotropic medium with dual-phase-lag model is established. The exact expressions for displacement components, the temperature, stress components, electric potential and electric displacements are given in the physical domain and illustrated graphically. These expressions are calculated numerically for the problem. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by Lord–Shulman theory and dual-phase-lag model. It is shown that the results from both theories are close to each other for thin slabs, while they differ